Independent Sample t-test Using SPSS Coursework

Independent Sample t-test Using SPSS - Coursework Example For this particular case, the samples were collected from the population (total number) of students studying Level 1Business Management at the University, and who took part in an Entrepreneurship Project. Therefore, one would say that the inclusion criterion was for students taking Business at level 1 and undertaking the project. Consequently, two different samples of unknown means were obtained randomly from this population: those who had studied Business previously (At A-level or equivalent), and those who had not. Generally, samples for t-test can be selected from a single population that is divided into two subgroups like our case. In descriptive research, we can define study population based on geographic location or sex, with additional variables and attributes such as our case where we used previous Business study as an attribute to categorize the group.The common statistical procedure is to assume that populations were samples are drawn have equal variances. However, it is im portant to test this assumption because certain statistical tests require equal variances of populations. Levene’s Test, an inferential statistic helps to assess whether variances are equal for two groups. That is, it tests the homoscedasticity or null hypothesis of equal population variances, also called the homogeneity of variance. Consequently, there are three possible instances where testing variance equality is a major concern. The first instance is when drawing inferences about population variances due to scientific interests.

Astronomy and astrological studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Astronomy and astrological studies - Essay Example . Many were valuing an unknown future over facts of the past, and becoming more and more questioning. This curiosity led to wanting to understand the heavens and the stars more, which is why they developed astronomers. The first theory developed was the Ptolemaic Universe. This describes a motionless earth surrounded by nine spherical containers of a sort. The seven closest ones were seen as different heavenly bodies which were observable to humans. The eighth was thought to be filled with stars and the ninth was the one with the ability to produce and keep the rotation around earth. Beyond these spheres, separate from the universe or otherworldly, were the heavens. They believed the heavens were made out of matter that couldn’t be found on earth. This matter did not follow the rules of physics on earth and the other planets below the moon, which were not yet recognized for what they are. This theory was eventually rejected because it didn’t make sense because the other planets were clearly not making revolutions around the earth. They would appear to stop, slow down, or even change their course and go in the opposite direction. Religious astronomers fought to think of reasons for these movements, and their last conclusion was that each sphere was rotating around a fixed point which was rotating around earth.